Mongols

1. ESPIRIT- Mongols

** ESPIRIT Chart ** You Civilization/Nation/Group__Mongols______

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 * E  || *  Mongols herded goats and sheep taking them to another pasture in a different area because of the season cycle.
 * Stable foods were meats and milks, also grain and vegetables gained by trading with farmers.
 * S  || *  Dressed in sheepskin, made footwear from tanned sheep hides and lived in round tents made up of wool that was sheared from animals.
 * Warriors could ride on horse back for days at a time, while sleeping and eating on their horse’s saddle.
 * Mongols were divided into kin-related clans, camped and herded together on a regular basis.
 * __Karakorum____:__ a new capital established by Chinggis Khan.
 * Natural warrior were trained at youth.
 * Male dominance within the society.
 * Tribes are divided, and in the case of emergencys they would band together to stop an enemy.
 * Tolerant and open to new ideas. ||
 * P  || *  __Khagan:__ supreme leader of the Mongol tribes.
 * __Ogedei:__ the third son of Chinggis Khan who was elected grand Khan.
 * __Baibars:__ the commander of the Egyptian forces, whose lieutenants were brought into enslavement and were sold in Egypt.
 * I  || *  Woman exercised influence within their family and had the rights to be heard in the tribe council meetings but, men still dominated the leadership positions within the clan.
 *  Girls and Boys could ride horse back once they could walk. ||
 * R  || *  The Mongols were daoists.
 *  Shamanistic: focused on nature spirits and the beliefs of their ancestors.
 *  All religion was tolerated in the empire.
 *  __Prester John__: was a mythical rich and powerful Christian monarch whose kingdom was cut off by the Muslims during their conquest. ||
 * I  || *  Handcrafted production.
 * Scholarship flourished.
 * Artist creativity was allowed free expression in the empire.
 * __Battle__ __of Kulikova__: A Russian army victory over the Golden Horde, which broke the hold the Mongols, had over Russia.
 * T  || *  Warriors wielded lances, hatchets and iron maces.
 * Mongols during warfare used short bows that could reach a distance of 350 yards, more then the English bows that could only reach a distance of 250 yards.
 * Metal armor and leather helmets.
 * Signal fires to show movement of an enemy and inform others in the area.
 * New weapons: flaming and exploding arrows, gunpowder projectiles and bronze cannon.
 * Created siege weapons: battering rams, catapults, exploding balls that were launched off catapults and bamboo rockets.
 * __Golden Horde__: project of armies that was named after golden tents of the early Mongols.