ottoman+empire

Civilization/Nation/Group Time Period
 * E || MI: The economy of the ottoman was based on the military dominance role within the ottoman state. It was fueled with warfare and expansion, but it was a slow – increasing economy.
 * Geared by warfare and expansion.
 * Slaves worked in the ottoman empire as workers, but it caused a slowly rising economy because they were more focused on warfare and expanding they did not make their own crops or necessary items for the own people; only took what they gained from warfare.
 * The ottoman empires conquest led to more of a effective way for administrations and relief’s of taxes.
 * Merchant ships.
 * Traded for spices, ivory, slaves, fine carpets and forest products.
 * Commercialism and handcrafted products. ||
 * S || MI: The society with in the ottoman empire was based on the military, by expanding and recruiting to have soldiers to serve in the armies used for conquering. Also how in the society they had coffee houses for people to relax in; gossip or play chess.
 * __Janissaries__: imperial armies that were increasingly dominated the infantry divisions made up of troops.
 * At times a boy’s parents would be willingly to turn over their sons over to the ottoman army recruiters because of the opportunities for advancements.
 * Coffee houses; people could smoke tobacco, gossiped, do business and also play games of chess.
 * Merchant and artisan classes.
 * Artisans were organized into guilds like during the medieval European towns. ||
 * P || MI: The ottoman empires government was about controlling their society.
 * Developed under a warrior aristocracy.
 * Controlled over the land and peasant producers in annexed area for the support of their household and military retainers.
 * Social groups expended control over the expanding ottoman bureaucracy.
 * Janissaries tried to translate military services into a political influence.
 * __Vizier__: a day-to- day administration that carried out a large bureaucracy. The Vizier was the head of the imperial administration that help more real power then the sultan.
 * Government inspectors were employed to ensure the standard weights and measures that were used to license the new shops that were opening.
 * Bureaucrats prompted the regional and local officials to retain more revenue for their own purpose.
 * A poor centralized government led to local officials to control large land estates, squeezed peasants and labor workers for additional taxes and services.
 * Absolute Monarchy. ||
 * I || MI: The ottoman empire expanded by military means and conquered areas during warfare to help hold control.
 * __Mehmed II__: assaulted the triple ring of the land walls that protected the city for centuries.
 * Ottoman Empire conquered the major islands of Rhodes, Crete and Cyprus.
 * Captured and sacked the city of Constantinople, but the Ottoman Empire was restored to its former glory.
 * Made an effective use in artillery and firearms for building their empire. ||
 * R || MI: The religion was affected by the control of the military.
 * Members of the warrior class also vied with religious leaders.
 * Christianity and the Jewish faith were the main religious groups in the Ottoman Empire. ||
 * I || MI: The ottoman empire was full arts and architecture that made it into a beautiful place and be compared to a paradise.
 * Social arrangements, artistic production and physical appearance were effected by the natural great of one providence by the cultures of Europe, Africa and Asia.
 * Constructed agricultural advancements and it benefited the Ottoman Empire.
 * Built mosques, mansions, rest houses, religious schools and hospitals throughout the Ottoman Empire.
 * Coffee houses where poets and scholars could congregate, read their greatest work out loud to the public and debate about politics.
 * Left a legacy of poetry, ceramics, carpet manufacturing and other agriculture. ||
 * T || MI: The technology was centered on warfare, so they would build up a stronger army to use for conquering and controlling the society of the ottoman empire.
 * Aqueducts: built on the surrounding hills to supply the growing population with water, markets were reopened and the city defenses were repaired from any damages.
 * Huge siege guns.
 * Light artillery
 * Firearms
 * Mechanical clocks. ||

2. ESpirit: Mughals E: MI: The economy was influenced by military rule. Thbey payed taxes to the Mughal leaders and the military for there to be granted support of the peasant villages for protection from invaders. S: MI: The society had different reforms to help within the Mughals abd changed their society in different ways from their old traditions. P: MI: The politics of the Mughals was centered around the emperor power and also leaving the military in control of the present villages if they could pay taxes on time. And woman started to gain more political positions over their husbands. I: MI: The Mughal era had many artistic achievments within their society; and had different forms of intertanment and different ways for people within the society to express themselves. R: MI: The religion with the Mughal era was balanced between the religion of the Prussians and the traditional beliefs of the Hindu people. I: MI: The Mughals took over parts of India by conquering. T: MI: The Mughals did not have much technology with their societies but, they still had minor things to help the Mughal empire advance and protect itself.
 * Had to pay both the military and the leaders for protection and had to have respect for them and pay the tax proce on time and had to uphold those conditions.
 * Became a major overseas destination for European traders.
 * Exchanged for different types of indian manufactored goods; particulary the farmed cotten textiles mills in the sub continent.
 * textile trade; cloths ,ade of cotton-pajamas
 * the cotton industries in India died out because emperor Auranzeb's daughter wanted more fine cotton cloths; causing the British to industrialize in the cotton industry.
 * Administrative reforms.
 * public works;improved the calender to establish living quarters for the large population of people in the Mughal area of India.
 * Involving the positions of women demostrating how far the Mughal emperor could advance.
 * Widows could be re-married. Meaning that they did not have to say unmarried and in morning over their hushand. Nor did the people have to kill themselves with the husbands when they were set on fire.
 * Children could not be married; meaning that children could not be married off until a certain age.
 * Wives took advantage of their husbands neglect of politcs to win a position in power and gain influence in the Mughal court.
 * Nur Jahan: the wife of Jahangir who countinued to amass power as be became more and more addicted to opium and wine.
 * Created needed charities in the major cites.
 * power to the throne became more limited.
 * Good life; drinking, female dancers and the pleasure gardens.
 * Ox, tiger and elephant fighting as a form of intertainment during the Mughal era.
 * Painting workshops
 * created wardrobes that were jewel-studded for people to wear around the palaces.
 * artitectual workers.
 * Taj Mahal: a palace built by an emperor for his wife, however when she died he had her body buried inside of the monument making it into a tomb instead of a palace.
 * built domes, arches and minarets.
 * ceramic tiles.
 * reflecting pools.
 * used both their art techniques within their own society to make it beautiful and built different styles within the villages.
 * Raids
 * military strategies.
 * Fierce battlers to fight along aside soldiers.
 * artillary
 * light field weapons
 * Firearms

3. Safavids

Civilization/Nation/Group______Safavids___________________________ Time Period____________________________________________ * ||
 * E || MI: The Safavids did not do much to help their economy; they were basically like the Ottoman Empire and the Mungals. They put it under military control.
 * The Safavids warrior nobles were given villages, whose peasants were required to supply them and the troops in the group with either food or labor.
 * Luxury items.
 * Reduced the territory of the Safavids could tap the labor and revenue. ||
 * S || MI: The Society within the Safavids was like the one within the Ottoman Empire and it showed how the Gender roles were different. And how they were the same when it came to some aspects.
 * The aristocrats caused an increase in difficultly for the peasants that depended on support of their grand householders and their retainers.
 * Population increased causing a reduction in the uncultivated lands to which the peasants maybe run away to if the householders were harsh.
 * Peasant uprisings started to happen.
 * Women faced legal and social disadvantages.
 * Women within the family were subordinate to their fathers and their husbands.
 * Wore bright colored robes.
 * Women did not make the effort to cover their faces when they were in public with in the capital and everywhere else.
 * Wives in the royal family would influence the princes behind the throne and became more involved in the palaces conspiracies.
 * Women were active in trade and in money-lending.
 * Limited to the contracts with in their own families and left with little more then household chores and handicrafts to occupy their time.
 * The effect of women disappeared from the two greatest centers of Islamic civilizations within history. ||
 * P || MI: Politics for the Safavids was all about the fight for control over the region.
 * Increase in strength and prosperity even though the territories it controlled left it remained roughly equivalent.
 * Absolute monarchy.
 * Shah= emperor
 * Expanded an imperial bureaucracy. ||
 * I || MI: The Safavids took over other regions and defeated their own from the ottoman empire when they were trying to spread to the Islamic area. But they also had problems with other clans that they saw as rivals.
 * Safavids became highly militant and rose to a prominence of a frontier warrior champions.
 * Division of the Shi’a and the Sunni led to the bitter hostility and violent conflicts.
 * __Sail al-Din:__ gave the dynasty its name and began as a military campaign to purify the Islamic reforms and spread Muslim teachings along with the Turkic tribes within the region.
 * __Red Heads:__ name given to the Safivids because of the distinctive headgear, started to grow and preached the Shi’a doctrines; enemies multiplied.
 * __Isma’il:__ a surviving Sufi commander who led his Turkish followers to a string of victories on the battlefield.
 * __Chaldiran:__ battle between two empires; Shi’a and Sunni’s.
 * The Chaldiran stopped the Ottoman Empire from building their empire in the Islamic World.
 * Tahmasp I and his followers tried to bring the Turkish chiefs under control by repeating their efforts. ||
 * R || MI:
 * I || MI:
 * T || MI: Technology for the Safavids was centered around better use of weapons for warfare purposes.
 * Cannons
 * Muskets
 * artillery ||
 * artillery ||