The+World+Shrinks

1. Notes page 484-491 The Asian Trading World and the Coming of the Europeans MI: How the Asian trading started to expand and started producing different products. And how the Europeans coming into the trading network affected Asian trading with other regions. Trading Empire: The Portuguese Response to the Encounter at Calicut MI: The reaction of the Portuguese to the encounter at Calicut; a market place that the Portuguese had little trade over with gold and silver to exchange with the Asian people. Also, how the encounter changed the relationship between Asia and Europe even further. Portuguese Vulnerability and the Rise of the Dutch and English Trading Empires MI: The vulnerability of the Portuguese when it started to revert to server punishments and losing their ships causing a heavy toll on the empire and the rise of the Dutch an English trading empires. Going Ashore: European Tribute systems in Asia MI: How the Europeans were able to get into Asia by making a tributing system. By using ships and guns, however it led to the military advantages to quickly disappear.
 * The trading system expanded to thousand miles away from the Middle East and Africa along the coasts of the large continent of Asia.
 * __Asia Sea Trading Company__: broken down into three main zones which were focused on handicraft manufacturing. Arab zone was anchored on glass, carpets and tapestries. India was a zone known as cotton textiles and China excelled in producing paper, porcelain and silk textile industries.
 * Raw material circulation system; spices, precious metal, food and forest products.
 * Traded others materials like well-built ships from the Chinese and Arabs.
 * Commercial exchanges under military control.
 * exchange system was more peaceful when trading with other networks of production.
 * Trading vessels were lightly armed with weapons in case of an attack from pirates.
 * The Portuguese did not prepare to abide by the informal rules that evolved over the centuries for commercial and cultural exchange.
 * //Calicut//: a market that the Portuguese had little to trade with besides gold and silver to exchange with the Asian people.
 * //Mercantilists//: prominent economical theorists who taught that a states power depended on the heavy amount of precious metals a monarch had with in his coffers.
 * Enriched and strengthened the merchants and rules from the rival kingdoms and religions; mostly the Muslims.
 * The decisions of the Portuguese led to the use of force in extracting spices and other goods from Asia.
 * Led to superior ships and weaponry.
 * start of warfare in the sea in a peaceful trading system gained the European intruders an element of surprise.
 * Allowed regions to take advantage of the deep divisions that led to separation of the Asian competitors.
 * __Ormuz__: part of the Asian trading network that was taken in a year at the end of the southern Persian Gulf.
 * __Goa:__ captured in 1510 on the Western Indian coast.
 * Served as Portugal naval bases for fleets patrolling the Asian waters.
 * Portugal controlled sizeable portion of the Asian trading network.
 * The Portuguese managed decades to control much of the flow of spices such as nutmeg and mace.
 * control over the markets was a key condiments; pepper and cinnamon.
 * Portugal resorted to server punishments such as cutting off the hands of their rivals and ships being brought into their monopoly.
 * licensing system.
 * Resistance in Asian rivals, poor military disciplines led to rampant corruption and Portugal's shipping loses caused by an overloading and poor design took a heavy toll on the empire.
 * __Batavia__: an island of Java that was fortress in Malacca that built a new port.
 * __Dutch Trading Empire__: was made of the same basic components as the Portuguese and fortified towns and factories, warships and patrols and monopoly control.
 * The ships and guns allowed the Europeans to force their way into the Asian trading network.
 * Military advantages and their abilities to dominate over the Asian people quickly disappeared.
 * __Luzon__: northern island was facilitated by the fact of the animistic inhabitants who lived in small states the Spanish could separate one by one.
 * __Mindanao__: A failure of the Spanish expeditions to conquer the southern islands which was ruled by a single kingdom who Muslim rulers.
 * Resisted christian dominance.

Spreading the Faith: The Missionary Enterprise in South and Southeast Asia MI: Spreading the Faith of Christianity to the south and southeast of Asia using missionaries and sending them by boat to spread the ideals and rituals.
 * Spread of Roman Catholicism was a fundamental part of the global missionaries of Spanish and Portuguese descent.
 * After the native americans converted the Iberian missionaries failed to get the Asian people to convert.
 * Before Gama's arrival there was a indifference and an open hostility toward the Portuguese when they tried to covert them to Christianity.
 * __Francis Xavier__: a dominican missionary; a jesuit who was willing to be a minister to the poor, low caste and the untouchables.
 * the missionaries orders found that it was making a little impact with the high caste.
 * __Robert di Nobili__: an italian jesuit who created a different way to communicate. Learned different languages to read the sacred text of the hindu faith.
 * //frairs//: the priest and brothers who went to convert and govern the rural populace.
 * spiritual needs of the villages always needed to be taken care of.
 * Christianity led to a blend of traditional beliefs and customs; religion was preached to the friars.
 * Many converted because they had little choice and others adopted the new belief because they thought "god" would protect them from illnesses and it would give them the thought that they were equal to the Spanish.

Summary: How the trading network in Asia started to change because of the Europeans trying to gain influence over Asia. The Portuguese response to the Asians in the market of Calicut led to sea warfare and it gave them a portion of the trading network. However after awhile the Portuguese became vulnerable and it led to a heavy price to be put on the empire because of the lose of ships. Also how the Dutch and English started to become more involved with the Asians trading network. The tribute system between the Europeans and the Asians; one had to give something to the other. Finally how the Christian faith started to spread throughout Asia causing a transition in faith.