Greece+and+Rome

1. Apparts Chart: Sparta (both in binder) 2. Apparts Chart Athens

3. Comparison Paragraph: Sparta and Athens

Sparta and Athens are both cities with in Greece. Sparta was a military state where warriors were trained to become an elite fighting force. They raised Children till the age of seven when they started training to become Spartan soldiers. But not only were men trained to become tough, women were also trained to become stronger. Women heads were shaved and were sent out on training missions because the Spartans believed if two people are strong; then the two would produce a strong baby to become part of the army. But if the baby was born weak or was not part of what the government expected then the baby was cast down from a cliff to die. However Athens claimed to be a democracy, when in reality they were a warring state. But Athens and Sparta had similarities between themselves. Both were a small country, so they had to defend themselves and always started battles. The two were enemies of Persia and the two cities would alternate fighting them to prevent a take over from invaders. But even though they did not get along with another and had had to share the same country with only being miles apart. They still co-existed with one another eve though Sparta and Athens did not get along with another.

4. ESPIRIT Chart: Rome Civilization/Nation/Group__Rome___

Time Period___800 BCE to 476 CE___

- During times of crisis the senate would choice a dictator to hold authority until everything was back to normal. · Cicero : A Roman writer who wrote about politics to understand the difference and similarities between Rome and Greece. · Roman Republic : expanded the influence over the rest of Italy. · Rome created an empire. · All of its territories were ruled by a single government. ||
 * E || * The Romans were farmers; tied to the soil, did rituals and held festivals.
 * Rome landlords forced farmers to become tenets and join the lower classes.
 * The Roman traded, promoted public works and storage for the citizens goods.
 * Trade played a big role in Roman Society.
 * Traded mainly grains and luxury products. ||
 * S || * Supported commercialism.
 * The Romans had slaves to do the labor in their societies.
 * Merchants had higher positions on the social pyramid, higher then China but lower then India.
 * Tight family structure.
 * Women had a greater influence in the house hold but were inferior outside the household.
 * Patriarchy: men could punish or kill their wives, if they did something wrong. ||
 * P || * The Romans type of government system was a senate : made up of aristocrats that held together the Roman state.
 * Consuls : shared power for the Roman states.
 * I || * The father was in complete control of their family.
 * Roman woman took part in businesses and controlled a portion of it.
 * Made constant war with other societies to gain more power (warring empires)- Sparta
 * Concord several territories as far as Spain to Africa.
 * Romans came together in coliseum to entertain themselves. [ gladiators] ||
 * R || * The Romans worshipped Gods that represented astronomy, which were thought of with high power.
 * Jupiter: (god of all gods), Apollo (god if the sun), Neptune ( god of water), Mars( god of War).
 * Started Christianity in Rome.
 * Did not have ethnic systems.
 * Polytheism ||
 * I || * Punic Wars : fight against the Phoenicians (Carthage).
 * Stoics : stressed the human independence.
 * Philosophy separated from religion.
 * Religion inspired themes for artistic expression. ||
 * T || * Romans developed more on their engineering skills.
 * Provided amenities: created comforting things around Rome to help the citizens.
 * Built better roads for easier movement of the Roman army during times of War.
 * But the technological advancement to get better production and manufacturing of food and goods.
 * Aqueducts: to help water be brought to the cities of Rome; sewer system.
 * Huge temples to worship their gods. ||

__5. Key Terms: Greece and Rome__ Cyrus the Great __ : The creator of the Persian Empire located across from Greece: Middle East. __

Zoroastrianism __ : A religion for the Persians that showed how material items as a sense of good and evil. To show the importance on how the Persian people can be affected by the choices one makes. __

Olympic Games __ : An ancient competion between the Greek city-states. They had disc throwing, javelins and other athletic sports; to see who had the most strength between the different citizens. __

Pericles __ : Famous Greek Politic figure who dominated the Athens government. __

Peloponnesian Wars __ : Waged from 431 to 404 B.C.E; a war between Athens and Sparta for control over Greece. __

Philip II __ : Ruler of Macedon, rained from 359 to 336 B.C.E; Philip took over the rest of Greece; to show how much authority the Macedon’s contained. __

Macedon __ : An empire that existed after Philip II took over the rest of the Greek empire. __

Hellenistic Period __ : A period in time where Greek and other middle eastern cultural society. __

Alexandria __ : A city in Egypt named after Alexander the Great; was linked with trading between the Macedon’s. __

Roman Republic __ : Roman new city-state; expanded the influence over the rest of the Roman society and take over the other Greek societies. __

Punic Wars __ : A war that waged from 264 to 146 B.C.E; between the armies of the Phoenician cities. __

Carthage __ : A Phoenician city located in the North Africa; became a major port for trade and showed power in the west Mediterranean. __

Hannibal __ : General of the Army of Cartage hose troops had elephants to fight beside them. __

Julius Caesar __ : Took over Rome and later became part of the senate; but was assassinated by his fellow senators. He was stabbed 23 times before he finally died. __

Augustus Caesar __ : The nephew of Julius Caesar; took power after the assassination in 27 B.C.E; to show the basic structure of the Romans. __

Diodation __ : An Emperor of Rome; was one of the strong rulers. __

Constantine __ : Another emperor of Rome who was another strong ruler. Constantine adopted the idea of Christianity as a new religion. __

Polis __ : The Greek word meaning “city-state” that gave a sense of political interests to the Greeks. __

Direct Democracy __ : a system where it was not ruled by an elective representative. __

Senate __ : consisted of aristocrats that held executive offices in the Roman state. __

Consuls __ : shared power; but during Crisis’s the senate would choice a dictator to hold the power until the Crisis passed. __

Cicero __ : A roman writer; made himself an active senator. __

Aristotle __ : A philosopher to show the importance of the balance between human behaviors. __

Stoics __ : showed the inner independence between humanity. __

Socrates __ : Greek philosopher to show wisdom. __

Plato __ : One of Socrates pupils to help understand the human reasoning. __

Sophocles __ : A Greek dramatist who used psychology to show the flaws Oedipus had with in himself. __

Iliad and Odyssey __ : books written by the poet Homer showing the journey to war and from war back to the homeland by boat and avoiding different obstacles. __

Doric __ : Has a style of Hellenistic architecture. __

Ionic __ : Had a style: it was more ornate then the Doric’s. __

Corinthian __ : style of the Hellenistic that was the most ornate out of the three.

6. Summary:

Rome and Greece had their difficulties with one another through out history. But, the two countries are actually both the same, even though one might think one is different then the other. Both Rome and Greece had slaves as a means of labor within their societies. Another way the two are comparative is by the way their religions were developed and how each one worshipped gods. Greece worshipped gods by putting on plays, and their ideal gods were made up from elements of nature: earth, water, fire and Air; also gods for human emotions. Rome had gods from astronomy and named them after the planets and created the different names for constellations. For example how Zeus and Apollo were the same; Zeus was the god of all gods and Apollo was the god of the Sun; center of the solar system and the other planets surround it. All the gods worshipped by them were the same thing but, with different names. Both were also farming societies, and both were ruled by an aristocratic government. So both were the same kind of country but with different aspects on gods but, similar with economy and politics. 7. Leader Analysis: Augustus Caesar
 * Name of Leader: Augustus Caesar ||
 * Lifespan: 27B.C to 14 A.D ||
 * Country/region: Rome, Italy ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Augustus gained power after the assassination of Julius Caesar, gained the rule by being Julius nephew, then becoming his adopted son.
 * Established the basic structure used for Rome during his rule.
 * Augustus did not hold a position with in the government that is the senate; until he went to the senate members and forced the members to make him part of the consul. ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Goals: Became the first emperor of Rome.
 * Helped make a structure within the roman society
 * Motivations: wanted to be part of the senate because of the assassinated of Julius Caesar, and wanted to hold power politically. ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Became first emperor of Rome.
 * Eliminated the political enemies of the roman government; to build a stronger government.
 * Restored peace to Rome after the years of it being a warring state.
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Built a better road system for Romans to get to other places better. More efficient for trading with other empires.
 * Started a postal system.
 * Built aqueducts and bridges to make Rome more civilized. ||
 * Built aqueducts and bridges to make Rome more civilized. ||