Spain+and+Portugal+in+the+Americas

3. Notes The 18th century Reforms // The shifting Balance of Politics and Trade // MI: The politics and trade between Portugal and Spain in the Americas started to become unbalanced regions, the declining population and internal revolts. · Losing territories from competition causing the Spanish mercantile and political system to fail. · The colonies became more self-sufficient in the basic needs, causing the government to lose power. Aristocrats started to extend their control over the economy and the government. · __War of the Spanish Succession:__ A war that lasted from 1702 to 1713, over who would get the throne since Charles II died without an heir. But it ended with the //treaty of Utrecht// recognizing the Bourbon family to be the rulers over Spain. // The Bourbon Reforms // MI: The reforms from the Bourbon family during their rules. Causing reforms between Spain and Portugal to benefit them over sea in the Americans and in the mainland. · __Charles III:__ a Spanish Bourbon monarch who moved the economic nationalism and a desire to build up a strong centralized government, to help institute the economy, administrations and the military reforms. · Revive Spain within the same traditions within the society it was built on. · Jesuits were expelled from Spain and Portugal. · __Jose de Galvez__: Spent six years in Mexico before returning to Spain to become the minister of the Indies and the chief architect of the reforms. · Improved tax collecting, making government more effective but caused a disruption causing a pattern of influences and power. //Pombal and Brazil// MI: the influences in Pombal and Brazil that the reforms had on the region, because they were either conquered by the Spanish and Portuguese or the reforms spread to the Americas. //Reforms, Reactions and Revolts// MI: Reforms made in Brazil and other American colonies, but it also focuses on the reactions the reforms caused for the societies and also the revolts that were caused from the reforms.
 * state monopolies were put on items that the government found were essential to the society.
 * expansion of mining, allowing miners to discover new veins of gold and other minerals by using a different technique.
 * __Marquis of Pombal__: Portugal administration that lasted from 1755 to 1776. Portuguese prime minister who lived in England as an ambassador and observed the effects and benefits of mercantilism.
 * "enlightened despotism".
 * Pombal developed a dislike for the Jesuits because he did not like their allegiance to Rome and the semi-independent control over parts of Brazil. Causing him to expelled the Jesuits from Portugal.
 * Sent administrations to enforce the changes Pombal made with reforms.
 * Comunero Revolt
 * Tupac Amaru