The+Byzantine


 * [[image:http://historyofjihad.org/byzantines7.jpg width="371" height="380"]] [[image:http://davidderrick.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/byzantine-constantinople.png width="377" height="379"]]

The location of Constantinople may have affected it by that it could trade with other regions becuase its near Islam and could trade with the regions behind it. It is in the middle and its surrounded by water probaly making it difficult for invading forces.

1. page 194-198 outline of the foundations of the Byzantines
 * The Byzantine empire came about after the decline of the roman empire when the germanic attacked Roman and caused it to divide into 3 different sections. And it also came after when the arbanians started to rise to power and spread territory.
 * Became the center for imperialism to create structure start of Constantinople.
 * The emperor constantine created the host city with building that were elegant and also included christian church for those who followed Christianity.
 * Spoke in latin but later started speaking in Greek and it became more of a language- latin was considered inferior for communication.
 * Greek- scholars could read athens philosophis and literature freely and could also write in Hellenistic.

Outline of Justinians achievements 2. Justinian law 2: media type="custom" key="7457609" width="129" height="129"
 * Justinian tried to take back the western territories to try to restore the empire.
 * To some historians from that periods like Procopius called him a moron and that he was not truthful, thought about the things he did but we worried about people rising against him.
 * Theodora had influence over Justianian when he ruled over constantinople- wanted power for herself.
 * Re-built the empire, started to help riots against the high taxes within the city when it started to fall, started he legal Roman code.
 * __Hagia Sophia__- A huge church inspired by the early classical domes- becames one of the wonders of the christian faith.
 * caused advancements in engineering.
 * Justinian wanted to restore old rome with using military exploits under the command of __Belisarus__.

The second code of Justinian was based on different laws to create rules with the byzantine empire. Justinian tried to make the society understand how to share; like one can not own private land its open to the public for usage, and that churchs and other building were opened to the others and not just that one person or religion, in other word you can not own it. Also if you take an animal out of its habitat according to the law of nations then it belongs to that person, even if it did not have a owner it belongs to the nation. And that if one did not take what they wanted then another could try to take the same thing. And technically it shows that whatever one finds it belongs to them because of the laws of nature and nations, and they can claim it even though it was not yet taken orif it was found by another. If two people where selling the same thing and had to share a store then it would mix things and would have to share whatever they make together, and share the items sold. To sum it all up the second Justinian code was about sharing and owning rights to whatever the byzantine empire obtained.

Document #1(civil law) - The Byzantine empire seperated people into two groups; slaves and free-man. -They know that what they are doing is a wrong but they still continue to do the same wrong thing. - Different ways to handle slaves. - Can not marry any one with your same family; even if they were adopted or anyone related to you; unless you anmansipate them.
 * law of persons
 * Marriage

Document #3 -Set up a language to communicate with another to make trading easier. -If made a promise they would have to keep that promise; if they broke it then they would have to double. -Set up all the laws to organize the empire. - Helped stop arguments from breaking out from the people.
 * Buying and selling (common law)

The Byzantine empire was very society based, you had to follow the codes that samed different prinicples of laws.

3. Page 203-209: Answer questions 1. Who were Cyril and Methodius? What did they accomplish? Cyril and Methodius were missionaries from the Byzantine empire that were sent to the territory of the Czech and Slovak republics. What they accomplished was that since Cyril and Methodius could speak the Slavic language that helped. Also they wrote a script in that language in Greek letters and it created the Slavic alphabet, caused a development in the possibility of literature and literacy that spread Christianity in eastern Europe.

2.How did events in the Middle East affect the demographics of the East Central borderlands? The events in the Middle East affected the demographics of the East Central borderlands is that the missionaries did not monopolize the borderlands and Roman Catholicism and the Latin Alphabet started to spread more along the other regions. And it started a lose government and started a land owning aristocracy.

3. Outline the development of the Kievan Rus
 * The development of the Kievan Rus was that the Slavic people were moving into the plains of Russia during the time of the Roman empire.
 * __Kiev__: a city in Russia that had a set up government along the trading routes that was militarily superior to the Slavs.
 * __Rurik__: a native demark who emeraged from a monarchy that became the first prince about 855 C.E.

4. What important decision was made by Vladimir I? The important decision made by Vladimir I was that be converted to Christianity not to himself but for his people. Vladimir organized a mass baptist church for his people, forcing upon pressure from the military.

5. What were some of the major similarities and differences between Byzantium and the Kievan Rus? The major similarities and differences between the Byzantine empire and the Kievan Rus was that they had different ways were they were ruled and different views. Difference in the writing between the two regions, Kievan Rus were more literature developed. Both had the Christian belief but had different ways of worship; Kievan Rus were more into the power god and thought of the saints, and Byzantium thought only as a icon. Both had a law code.

6. What factors led to the decline of the Kievan Rus? The factors that led to the decline of the Kievan Rus was that rival princes started to set up regional governments and the royal family were often squabbled about the thought of succession. Started to get invaded from Asia over territory. The decline of the byzantine empire was one of the factors that led to the decline of the Kievan Rus because it reduced the trade and the wealth. And it ended when the mongols and the Asians attacked Russia and it took over the major parts of the country. Also because of the political difficulties it started Tatars.

Summary: The problems with the boundaries was that the civilizations could not keep track of another, with the differences between them politically. And also that if caused issues emotionally and expansion was never taken away the cultural identities. Also it shows how the orthodox churches effected the civilization to converting it to another belief. But it shows about of there was other developing religions that would go against the beliefs of christians. And it mentions how Poland and Hungary were not that close to western europe even though they were trading with another. Finally how when Russia fell to the mongols the other that were involved with it fell too and no armies stayed a fight and some countries were not affected by the decline or the problems. And because of the fall of Russia the european countries have been freed from their rule and were independent.

__**Chapter Summary:**__ The Byzantine empire wanted to rebuild old Rome, and they spread the idea of Christianity but it was an orthadox religion becasue the Byzantines and the Kiev Rus did not want to be concerned with the pope.