April+Vacation+Work


 * __ Russia __****__ and China 1914 – Present __**


 * 1. Read In Depth p.684 take brief notes and answer the questions (5 points)**
 * The internal weakness the governments of Mexico and China was the peasants were taking the pressures of growth in population and being resented by the landowners. Another internal weakness ﻿was that the taxes increased on the peasantary. Also traditional protests caused an internal problem for the governments because of banditry. And that Mexico lost their land to the moneylenders and China school and college students in the secondary schools became more comitted to independence. An external weakness of the governments was trying to reduce the economic control and the cultural influence during the opening decade of the 20th century. However what released the forces of revolution was the western influence and national autonomy.


 * The key social groups that were behind the revolutions in Mexico, China, Russia was the urban laborers who were unhappy about their living conditions during the early stages of industrialization and the peasants because they lost their land to moneylenders and because the people who created products with their hands were put out of business. Anothrer key social group was the communist theorists; Marx, Lenin, Mao Zedong and Ho Chi Minh. They were important in each case because the socialist leaders wanted to overthrow the existing regimes which led to the peasants and laborers to start a revolution because of the conditions they were in and the influence the theorists had on them.

** Russia **
 * The similarities and differences that can be identified during the three early revolutions in the 20th century is that China, Russia and Mexico is that they all wanted to overthrow the type of government that was incharge. All seemed to have social problems and economic troubles. However, the causes were different because Mexico was unhappy about being put out the job and their conditions they had to live in during the industrializations era. China's secondary schools wanted independence and Russia wanted to stop the government and rise to the ideal of communism.


 * 2. Take outline notes on Russia (25 points)**

MI: The different revolutions in Russia that transpired because of liberalism who had the political orientation that favored social progress by reforms and changing the laws. And the switch to communism to improve their government and society. -strikes and riots broke out in Russia caused by the wartime misery in saint peters burg in March of 1917. -Industrialization in its early stages caused most of the protests because of incomplete rural reforms and unresponsive political system. -__Alexander Kerensky__: a Russian revolutionary leader who wanted to see a genuine parliamentary rule, religious freedoms and political and legal changes. -Liberal leaders held back from land reforms from the peasantry because they wanted to respect the existing property arrangements and did not rush into social changes until a new political structure could be established. -__Bolshevik__: the wing of the social democratic party and later renamed it to the communist party. -__Lenin__: He was a Russian theorist who became a dynamic chief of the communist party. -Russians were ready for a communist revolt because of the power of international capitalism and creation of massive proletarists. -However Lenin and the Bolsheviks faced a lot of different problems after the liberal government was toppled: 1. signed a humiliating peace treaty with the Germans to end the war. 2. Russia was ignored at the Versailles peace conference. 3. Poland was built on Russian land. -Lenin and the Bolsheviks gained the minority role of leading the urban soviets but, the November seizure of power led to the creation of the Council of People's commissars. -The communist party controlled the government. MI: The start of the Communist rule in Russia and how the government was trying to fit in the new reforms into the Russian society so, things would not go bad and they would have to deal with revolts like the last. -//Leon Trotsky//: constructed a powerful __red army__; they used the peoples humble background however the great ability rose to great heights under the new order but, immobilized the ones still under the old order. -__New economic policy__: a policy issued by Lenin that promised considerable amount of freedom of action to the peasantry and small business owners. -The basic economic policy combined itself with individual initiatives. -Under the new economic policy, Russia's food production began to recover and the regime gained time to prepare the structure for a communist system. -__Union of Soviet Socialist Republics__: the product when Russia was firmly controlled by the communist party. It was a federal system of socialist republicans in different regions of Russia. -__Supreme Soviet__: a parliament of the union of soviet socialist Republic that was elected due t its universal suffrage. MI: How the Russian's were experimenting with their society trying to figure out what would work and what wouldn't. -The communist party did not recruit too many members because they did not want to lose their tight organization and elite status. -Youth movements, women groups and organizations of workers were all actively debatable problems in the social environment and directions for future planning. - Workers influenced management practices. - Women leaders helped with legal equality, new education and work opportunities for women. -Joseph Stalin: the the successor to Lenin who led the Soviet Union through World War II and the cold war against the United states and western Europe. -Revolutionary leaders encouraged communist parties in the West to set up a __Comintern__ to help guild the process of sweeping communism throughout the Western industrial world. -Stalin created a __collectivization__ system that attacked the peasant land owner ships.
 * Revolution in Russia p681-685
 * Stabilization of Russia's Communist Regime**
 * Soviet Experimentation**

MI: How the Soviet Union was effected with Joseph Stalin in control of the spread of communism. -the Soviet Union was buffered from the depression in Europe because of its separate economy. -Stalin devoted himself to make the Soviet Union a fully industrialized society and doing it under full control of the state rather then private initiative and individual ownership of producing property. MI: The policies created by Stalin to help further the Soviet Unions economy to help create its goal of becoming industrialized. -Communist party agitators pressed peasantry to join into the collectives. -Collectivization allowed a more efficient control over the peasantry. -Stalin wanted to speed up industrialization in the Soviet Union but, it required resources be taken away from the peasants by taxing them. -Many laborers welcomed the opportunity to have a more direct access to land. -Devastating famines resulted from Stalin's insistence on pressing forward. -Collective farms allowed peasants small plots of their own. -__Five-year plan__:Stalin's plan to hasten the industrialization process in the soviet union. It led to the construction to massive factories for metallurgy, mining and electric power. MI: The steps that the Soviet Union had to take to become an industrialized society. -Increased numbers of people were crowded into cities causing things to be in cramped housing stocks. -Recievered bonuses and public awards were given to the labor workers for their services in the Soviet Union society. MI: How the Soviet Union became under totalitarian rule by Stalin because of other European influences. -__Socialist realism__: a dominated school that emphasized the heroic idealization of the workers, soldiers and peasants. -__Politburo:__ the party congress and meetings of executive committee who became more like rubber stamps.
 * ** Stalinism in the Soviet Union p698-703 **
 * Economic Policies**
 * Toward an industrial society**
 * Totalitarian Rule**

The Soviet Union as a Superpower MI: How after World War II and the Soviet Unions struggle to make them an industrialized culture under the control of Stalin. And how the other European was in struggle from the effects of war, they were able to rise to be a super power status.
 * Eastern Europe after WWII p750-759
 * The Soviet Unions involvement led to the opportunity for the Japanese to take over islands in the North Pacific.
 * Soviet Union as a superpower; developed the atomic and hydrogen bomb and also the deployment of missiles and the naval forces that matched the rapid expansion of the United States=__Cold War__.

The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe MI: Rather then the old Soviet Empire where they relied in western influence, they created a new Soviet Empire where they had a new society, economics and politics, which led to be a super power after World War II.
 * The Soviet Union development increased the worldwide influence with trade and cultural mission on all inhabited continents and military alliances.
 * After the //War of Berlin//, the Soviet Union and the West separated Germany into East and West Berlin.
 * The Soviet Union was having trouble with Western influence, so they built the __Berlin Wall__ in 1961 to stem the flow.
 * Poland was allowed to stop the agricultural collectivization by the establishment of wide spread peasant ownership and the Catholic Church became a symbol of Polish independence gaining more tolerance.
 * In the late 1970’s, the Polish people had widespread Catholic unrests and independent labor movements called __Solidarity.__

Evolution of Domestic Politics MI: How the domestic politics changed over time from how they were originally; before they were socialist then they switched over to communism.
 * The growing nationalism appealed to the communist loyalty.
 * After the development of the United States in 1947, the Cold War blasted the United States as an evil power and a distorted society because of the news media.
 * Strict limits were put on travel, outside and any uncensored glimpse in the Soviet Union=isolation.

Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions MI: About the Soviet Union culture and how they were promoting new beliefs and different institutions to gain other regions to get them to follow their idea of communism.
 * __Aleksander Solzhenitsyn__: published the trilogy “//The Gulag Archipelago//” about the Serbian prison camps but, he also supported western materialism.

Economy and Society MI: What the economy and the society were like in the Soviet Union after they became a super power.

De-Stalinization MI: The Soviet Union was getting ride of all trace of Joseph Stalin and making more improvements on their society with different leaders.
 * __Nakita Khrushchev__: Successor of Stalin as the leader of the Soviet Union.
 * Attacked Stalinism for the concentration of power and arbitrary dictatorship.
 * Failed the Siberian development program and antagonism toward the Stalinists causing his own down fall.
 * Explosion of the 1980s and 1990s p841-847

MI: How there was a rapid change in the Soviet Union during the 1980s and the 1990s and things fell apart with in their society.
 * The Soviet Union world’s prestige was shaped less by terror then by satisfaction for the improvements the communist regime made in the education and welfare.
 * Forced industrialization produced the extensive environmental deterioration through out Eastern Europe.
 * More then 20 percent of the Soviet Union’s citizens lived in regions of ecological disaster.
 * The rate and severity of respiratory and other illnesses increased, impairing both the mortality rate and the economic performances.

The Age of Reform MI: In the Soviet Union there were reforms that would help the society, politics and the economy.
 * __Mikhail Gorbachev__: renewed the earlier attacks on Stalinist rigidity and replaced the old-line party bureaucrats.
 * Gorbachev proclaimed a policy of __glasnost__ implied new freedoms to comments and criticize.
 * Strong limits on political freedoms persistence and the Soviet Union was unsure if Gorbachev could cut through the controlled main lines of the Soviet economy.
 * Gorbachev hoped that the western management techniques and certain cultural styles without intending to abandon the basic control of the communist state.
 * __Perestroika__: A policy created by Gorbachev that called for the economic reconstruction of the Soviet Union. It translated into a more leeway for private ownership and decentralized in the industries and agriculture.

Dismantling the Soviet Empire MI: Taking apart the Soviet Union by losing their territory and changing how everything was when Stalin was in charge of the region.
 * Gorbachev desired for a better relationship with the Western powered promoted more definitive results outside the Soviet Union then with in.
 * A new constitution and free elections were planned; communists=socialists.
 * Poland installed a noncommunist government in 1988 and moved quickly to take apart the state-run economy.
 * The Berlin Wall was destroyed and noncommunist won a free election.
 * Germany became unficated in 1991 becoming a dramatic sign of collapse of postwar Soviet foreign policy.
 * In Bulgaria the communist party retained considerable power.
 * New leadership.
 * Reforms moved less rapidly.


 * The Eastern European States suffered from slow production, mass pollution and economic problems.

Renewed Turmoil in the 1990s MI: Old problems that existed in the Soviet Union are coming back into the Society, or that more problems are being formed because of everything is changing.
 * __Boris Yeltsin__: proclaimed the end of the Soviet Union, projecting a common wealth of the leading republics.
 * The fate of economic reforms became uncertain.
 * A bitter civil was broke out in the Muslim region.
 * Terrorist attacks.
 * Brutal military repression.


 * //Vladimir Putin//: vowed to clean up the corruption and installed a more effective government control over different provinces.
 * Reformists were able to voice their concerns.
 * Putin tightened his hold on the state and the media.


 * To receive full credit for your notes you must include the following terms/people in your notes. You must also include Main Ideas**


 * //Kerensky, Lenin, Bolsheviks, Stalin, Collectivization, Soviets, Five-year plans, Socialist Realism, Khrushchev, Gorbachev, Glasnost, Perestroika, Yeltsin, Putin//**

3. Complete a leadership analysis of //__either__// Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin or Nikita Khrushchev (5 points)


 * Name of Leader: Joseph Stalin ||
 * Lifespan: 1878-1953 || Title: Communist leader ||
 * Country/region: Russia(Soviet Union) || Years in Power: 1922-1952 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Red army=military organization that was constructed by Leon Trotsky that could be used for the people of the Soviet Union.
 * New economy policy issued by Lenin that promised freedom to small business owners and peasant landowners=temporary.
 * The communist party set up a Comintern to help industrialize the Soviet Union.
 * Collectivization. ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Stalin wanted to industrialize the Soviet Union without any major influence from the west.
 * Totalitarian control over the Soviet Union. ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Collectivization allowed more efficient control over peasants through reforms.
 * Government and party control was desirable not only for the politics but, it was supposed to help speed up industrialization requiring the peasants to pay through taxes.
 * Building of the Berlin Wall to separate the west and east; to avoid western influence.
 * Five year plan was Stalin’s plan to hasten the industrialization process for the Soviet Union and helped construct massive factories for metallurgy, mining and electric power.
 * Socialist realism
 * Politburo ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Totalitarian rule.
 * Cold War.
 * The Berlin wall=taken apart to avoid the division of east and west. || Long-Term Effects
 * Competition between the United States and the west with the Soviet Union (Russia).
 * Industrialization of Russia. ||

4. Write a thesis statement for the following questions (10 points)**

From 1914 to the present Russian political structure went through several changes. Before the present Russia was still ruled by czars. Also they were still trying to be like the west through westernization but, that stop between the past and the present. However, one thing that stayed the same was failing of more politics in Russia, and how they were never truly successful. stayed the same toward the western democracy. They showed rejection and isolation through the establishment of the communist system. However changed due to the openness of the western influence. Between 1914 and today, Russian political structure has changed in 3 main ways; establishment of liberalist rule after the tsarist regime, the establishment of the communism after liberalism, and control over parts of eastern europe was loosened. However, something that remained was the rejection the Western democratic and capitalist systems.
 * Analyze the changes and continuities in Russian political structure from 1914 to the present

Between 1914 and today, Russia had few changes to their society by industrialization, different social reforms to help create a society that would fit with the industrialized Russia, and also the statues of the Russian people. However, there was few things that stayed the same in a Russian society like the failure of more social reforms.
 * Analyze the changes in Russian Society from 1914 to the present

China

MI: How Chin was moving toward a revolution because they wanted to rule themselves and wanted a new leadership. -//Puyi// marked the end of the losing struggle of the Qing dynasty that wanted to protect China from foreign invaders and revolutionary threats from within. -The fall of the Qing dynasty opened the way for an extended struggle over which leader could capture the mandates. -Internal division and foreign influence paved the way for an ultimate victory for the communist party. -__Yuan Shikai:__ hoped to seize the vacated Manchu throne and find a new dynasty. -Involvement in politics resulted from their willingness to bankroll in both the warlords and the western-educated. -Intellectuals and students played a critical role in shaping the new ideologies to help rebuild the Chinese civilization.
 * 5. Take outline notes on China from 1912-Present (20 points)**
 * Toward Revolution in China 685-689

MI: The May fourth movement was a bunch of protests from Chinese college students and the rise of the Marxism but, given an alternative view. -The revolutionary alliances had little power and had no popular support outside the urban trading centers in China. -The protests expanded from the Marches and petitions to strikes and boycotts over Japanese goods. -__May Fourth Movement__: aimed at transforming China into a liberal democracy. -Its programs was enunciated in a lot of speeches, pamphlets, novels and newspaper articles. -__Li Dazhao:__ A Chinese intellectual who gave serious attention to the Marxist philosophy. -Dazhao justified the orthodox Marxist emphasized the working class=most of the population in China and characterizing the whole society as a proletarian. -__Mao Zedong__: A communist leader who started the long march by having the peasantry to follow. However his revolutionary movements were more violent.
 * China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative**

MI: How the Guomindang in China were trying to gain power for themselves by leading to violence against the Chinese society. -__Guomindang__: A nationalist party that was trying to prove the communist great rival for mandates to rule over China. -__Whampoa Military Academy__: founded un 1924 with the Soviet's help and it was going to help the military wing of the nationalist movements. -__Chiang Kai-shek__: head of the academy who was the son of a salt merchant. He made a career in military connections with powerful figures in the Shanghai underworld. -Famines and disease stalked the countryside while the irrigation systems were deteriorated.
 * The Seizure of Power by China's Guomindang**

MI:
 * Mao’s China and Beyond 823-830 **


 * To receive full credit for your notes you must include the following terms/people in your notes. You must also include Main Ideas**


 * May Fourth Movement, Li DaZhao, Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-Shek, Long March, People’s Republic of China, Mass Line approach, Great Leap Forward, Jiang Qing, Cultural Revolution, Gang of Four.**

6. Read add take __brief__ notes on //Democratic Protest and Repression in China// 848-849 – Answer the questions at the end of the document (5 points)
 * Li Peng objects the protest movement because it is causing chaos within the society of China. And he wanted to restore the society to its former ways but the stability and unity are splitting apart and that its having a bad impact on their policies.
 * He tries to persuade the ordinary people that the protests should stop is by telling them that their children are suffering because they are involved in the movement and that their health is at risk because of the hunger strikes.
 * The arguments that are resembled that most of the governments use against protests is how it affects our children, how the protests are affecting the society by violent acts against the government and taking part in activities that violate the law. And taking about the steps on how to stop it with steps with reforms that will end.
 * The arguments that reflect more distinctively Chinese traditions or communist values is how students should be learning in school and trying to preserve the society from communism with reforms that would stop the protests. And also that government should not be tolerant of the movement and also how the children are affected. For communist values is how the students are taking part in protests and hungar strikes. Communications are being stopped and also the violent actions taken by the communist party.
 * The Chinese decide to repress political democracy because the whole reason the communist party is protesting is because they want a change in government but, if the stop the political democracy in China then everything should stop and they could be able to promote peace.

7. Complete a leadership analysis on Mao Zedong (5 points)


 * Name of Leader: Mao Zedong ||
 * Lifespan: 1893-1976 || Title: Communist Leader ||
 * Country/region: China || Years in Power: 1943-1976 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Puyi marked the end of the losing struggle of the Qing dynasty that wanted to protect China from foreign invaders and revolutionary threats.
 * After the fall of the Qing dynasty opened an extended struggle over which leader could capture the mandates.
 * Internal division and influence for influence led the way for victory for the communist party.
 * Yuan Shikai wanted to take over the throne and create another dynasty.
 * Involvement in politics resulted from the willingness for the warlords and western educated Chinese.
 * Intellectual students played a critical role in shaping the new ideologies.
 * Protests expanded.
 * Revolutionary alliance had no popular support.
 * May fourth movement= students protested because they wanted change in government=communism support.
 * Li Dazhao= supported Marxism. ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Mao Zedong was motivated by violence.
 * Motivated by the women issues and women support.
 * Communism was a better way of government=ideology. ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Long march: help find an area that was appropriate for the communist party because of the violent actions taken against them within the societies of China.
 * Foundation of the whampoa military academy.
 * Defeating the Guomindang.
 * Mao Zedong created the “Peoples Republic of China” which was a communist government that would follow his military success.
 * Party Cadres: basis for the Chinese communist government organization.
 * People’s liberation army: communist army.
 * Creation of the mass line policy to led to the formation of agricultural cooperatives.
 * Campaigns to end female seclusion, win legal rights and open education and career opportunities for women.
 * Cultural Revolution=restore dominance.
 * Red Guard= student protestors.
 * Gang of Four. ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * All the policies and reforms created by Mao Zedong did not last long.
 * Dominance over the Communist party. || Long-Term Effects
 * Women rights in China.
 * Job opportunities for women in the Chinese society. ||

8. Write a thesis statement for the following questions (10 points)** The Chinese Politics from 1914 was the last dynasty of the Qing under the emperor Puyi. However, that changed toward the present when the Qing dynasty fell to the British and the upraise of the Communist party in China. With no different government the Chinese were left to be governed by either foreign or Japanese causing succession. Under both the society changed, economy and politics changed yet, the Chinese struggles stayed the same. Between 1914 and today, China experienced serveral changes in its politicial strucuture. The most significant were the victory of the communist over the nationalist and the establishment of the People's republic of China. However, despite this change, there were few continuities such as the centeralized nature of the government. In 1914 the Chinese society was prospering because of the amount of gold and silver coming in, yet because of the opium they society because lazy and the death rate increased, so the Qing dynasty was in decline. However in the present times China was creating reforms to help their society under Communist rule causing changes for the peasantry.
 * Analyze the changes and continuities in Chinese politics from 1914 to the present
 * Analyze the changes in Chinese Society from 1914 to the present

** Comparison **

Write an outline in the structure provided for the two essays below – You will receive a score based on the AP rubric. This part will be a quiz grade


 * 9. Essay 1: Compare 20th Century political developments in China and Russia.**

Thesis Statement: In the 20th century, the political developments in China and Russia both branched off from a centeralized government weither it was the emperors or the tsars. Both turned to communism as a form of government, however they had different views on ways they could use communist politics to build up a better society.

Topic Sentence #1: Complete control was brought onto Russia as a form of government to help maintain their territory. Evidence of Topic Sentence: Stalin=totalitarian ruler during the 20th century before. Direct Comparison: World War II Analysis: Because during World War II, Russia was part of the alliance with Germany and Italy and Stalin support totalitarianism because he thought it was a way for Russia to have a better economy and society with that type of politics.

Topic Sentence #2: Centeralized government=China Evidence of Topic Sentence: All the shifts in political power. Direct comparison: revolutions=may fourth movement. Analysis: Because China was ruled by a person who had greater power over everyone. And even in nationalist their was all these people in China who were incharge of making changes. When communism then Mao Zedong had dominance so the politics was centeralized around him.

Topic Sentence #3: Russia and China both turned to communism as a source of government, but communism in China came from the Russian influence. Evidence of Topic Sentence: The reforms and protests that occured in both, plus the Chinese might have been influence because Russia owned part of China as a territory. Direct Comparison: the communist leader(Stalin and Mao Zebong), the movements. Analysis: Because they were incharge of the communist movements and got results. (Fix everything!)


 * 10. Essay 2: Compare and Contrast 20th Social developments in China and Russia. Be sure to discuss the changing roles of women**

Thesis Statement: The 20th social developments in both China and Russia, have changed from what they were originally. In both countries their politics influenced one another, their society improved not only for the men but, for the women. However, their social development changed from one another as time passed and they built themselves around foreign policies rather then contained.

Topic Sentence #1: Improvements in Russia for the women. Evidence of Topic Sentence: there were not really any improvements for the women during the 20th century they remained the same from before. Direct Comparison(s): How in a past chapter women improved in the society. Analysis of Direct Comparison: improved in society by having a bigger role.

Topic Sentence #2: Improvements in China for the women, rather then them having no opportunities and no rights. Evidence of Topic Sentence: Mao Zedong Direct Comparison(s): Jiang Qing Analysis of Direct Comparison: Becuase she influenced Mao to help women within the society by using the communist party. And how after his death she tried to take over.

Topic Sentence #3: Similarities in their society Evidence of Topic Sentence: communist party affecting the society. Direct Comparison(s): the different policies and reforms. Analysis of Direct Comparison: because they either improved the society or effected it badly.