The+rise+of+Russia

Day 1: Questions: 1. 2.

Day 2 Notes page 398-401 Serfdom: The Life of East Europe's Masses MI: The life of Serfs, how they were free farmers during the times before the Mongol took over Russia. But after the mongols took control the nobility started to gain power over the serfs, causing them to pay taxes they could not afford. And life for the serfs in Eastern Europe caused worsening conditions because of the change in culture. Trade and Economic Dependence MI: How Russia depended on trade to help their economy grow, so they looked toward the serfs and landlords to help their society. Social Unrest MI: Protests and rebellions based around the society, to help gain something to improve their statue or condition. Russia and Eastern Europe MI:The history of Russian and Europe that showed the influence with another.
 * Name of Leader: Peter I ||
 * Lifespan: 35 years || Title: Peter the Great- Tsar of Russia ||
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power: 1689-1724 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Built up the tsarist control from the tsars before him, and expanded the territory of Russia.
 * Added a more definite interest from the changing selected aspects of the Russian economy and the culture by getting involved in the aspects of the West.
 * Peter the Great started an autocracy.
 * Put down revolts that were against this authority with cruelty, like killing someone in front of the rest to show them their place.
 * No interests in the parliamentary monarchy like the west.
 * Extended the policies of recruiting a bureaucracy government, and controlled it for an absolute monarchy in the West.
 * Western cloths were given to the Russian upper class to wear.
 * Introduced to ballets from France.
 * Christmas trees from Germany. ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Motivated by the name Peter the Great because it was showed his greatness, even though it was given to him because he was 6’’8.
 * The technology and science the West had that Russia did not possess.
 * Military organization of the West to help make a better army for Russia to help gain territories and defeat their enemies.
 * Improved the weaponry of Russia with the help of the West.
 * Russian Navy ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Eliminated the old noble councils and replaced them with a set of advisors so he could control them, and they would not appose laws he created.
 * Tax systems were revised but, the taxed increased for peasants over time, law codes that extended throughout the empire.
 * Before in Russia men were given a whip by the father of the woman, to show a sign of power of the girl, but Peter got ride of the practice because in the West woman had greater rights and freedoms than on Russia.
 * Started wearing western-style cloths rather than their other cloths. (But he only did these for the upper class; he did not really help the lower class).
 * Peter the Great urged the Russian elites to cut off their beards and their pigtails.
 * Imitation of Western politics: absolute monarchy.
 * Creation of the secret police, to supervise the bureaucracy.
 * Building of metallurgical and mining industries.﻿ ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Change in government.
 * Upper class privileges.
 * Lower class not revolting against the king.
 * Peasants resented the westernized airs and expenses of the landlords. || Long-Term Effects
 * Change in Culture; new cloths, customs, technology and intellect.
 * Woman gaining freedoms. ||
 * Name of Leader: Catherine II ||
 * Lifespan: 67 years || Title: Catherine the Great ||
 * Country/region: Prussia || Years in Power: 1729-1796 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Used the //Pugachev Rebellion// as an excuse to extend the powers over the centralized government, which was involved in the regional affairs.
 * Catherine plotted to dethrone her husband; and after an unpopular foreign move he was replaced with Catherine to be the tsar of Russia.
 * Gave the nobility new powers rather then helping the serfs.
 * Central government, bureaucracy and officers.
 * Levy taxes on goods and money.
 * Imposed punishments for crimes because the landlords dominated the court system.
 * Increased the harshness of punishments. ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Interests in power. ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Partition of Poland: An agreement between Russia, Austria and Prussia.
 * Eliminated the independence of Poland as a state, letting the Russia share in Poland control. ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * || Long-Term Effects
 * Russian peasants were free farmers and had legal positions of superiority, unlike the medieval west.
 * Expulsion of the Tatars, the peasants started to increase and fell into debt and had to except the servile statue to the noble class when they could not repay what they owed.
 * The idea of serfs gave the government to satisfy the nobility and regulate the peasants when the government itself lacked bureaucratic control over the common people.
 * Laws passed tied down the serfs to the land and increased the legal rights of a landlord.
 * Serfs were similar to slaves, they could be sold, gambled and punished by the master of them.
 * Serfs were taxed and were policed by the landlords.
 * Government growth encouraged non-noble bureaucrats and professionals.
 * Russian trade in Europe was handled by Westerners that posted in the main Russian cities and relied on Western shipping.
 * Russian social and economic systems worked in many ways causing respect.
 * Enough revenue to support the expanding state and empire.
 * The system suffered from important limitations; agriculture was based on traditions and there was little motivations amongst the peasants for improvement on the academics.
 * Russian economic and social systems let to protests and rebellions.
 * Russian peasants were loyal to the tsar but, they showed greater resentment against their landlords, who accused them taking land that belonged to the peasants.
 * Rebellions happened periodically and saw the peasants destroy the manorial records, seize land and occasionally killed their landlords and the officials.
 * Start of the Pugachev Rebellion: created by a cossack who claimed that he would legitimate the tsar, promised to ended their serfdom, taxes and military conscription.
 * Regions west of Russia continued to form a fluctuating borderland between the western and eastern Europe influence.
 * Growing trade with the west sparked some new cultural exchanged in the 18th century, as Greek merchants, like the picking up on many of the ideas from the enlightenment.
 * Polish scientist Copernicus a participant in the fundamental discoveries during the scientific revolution.
 * European nationalities lost the political autonomy during the early part of the modern era.
 * Decline of Poland was particularly striking.